The authors concluded that impingement syndrome patients present an overactive upper trapezius and underactive lower trapezius and serratus anterior in contrast to healthy controls. A systematic review aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding scapulothoracic muscle activity based on surface electromyography in patients with shoulder impingement symptoms or glenohumeral instability vs. Many shoulder symptoms have been associated with abnormal excitation of the scapular and rotator cuff muscles. It has the highest prevalence among shoulder issues, accounting for 36% of shoulder disorders. Impingement syndrome is a term for injury of structures in the subacromial space. Moreover, aging populations and consequent longer careers might increase the burden of shoulder pain, as loss of shoulder muscle mass may impair functionality. The shoulder pain can last for weeks to months and become a recurrent condition. The authors reported that high mechanical workload was associated with neck and shoulder pain in women.Ī painful shoulder causes mobility restrictions, functional impairments in daily activities, work disability, and a relevant impact on public health services. A longitudinal study assessed the risk factors for neck and shoulder pain among young adults in the transition from technical school to working life. Additionally, severe pain is more frequently reported in women (56.1%) compared to men (25.0%). Another study retrospectively assessed painful shoulders from medical files, finding a prevalence of women (66.21%). In fact, a narrative review showed that the estimated prevalence of shoulder pain was higher in women (15.4% in men and 24.9% in women) who reported weekly episodes of pain. Some studies reported a significant association between women and increased prevalence of shoulder pain. Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints, affecting 4.7–46.7% of the adult population, and its prevalence increases with age. The exercise ensures higher levels of LT and IS excitation without increasing UT excitation. Scapular retraction with adduction loads at 40–50% is an alternative to overhead exercises aiming to activate the LT and the IS muscles. UT:LT showed lower values at 50% of MVC (vs. Higher values for IS were noted at 40% of MVC (vs. No differences were observed between groups, but a condition effect occurred for all muscles: UT showed higher values at 50% vs. Normalized electromyography and the ratio between UT and LT (UT:LT) were used for statistical analysis. The adduction loads of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were applied using a load cell. Electromyography of infraspinatus (IS), upper trapezius (UT), and LT was recorded during scapular retraction under progressive adduction loads of 42 participants, divided into two groups: with (SP, n = 26) and without shoulder pain (nSP, n = 16). The present study aimed to assess the excitation levels of infraspinatus, upper trapezius, and lower trapezius muscles during a scapular retraction exercise under progressive adduction loads in subjects with and without painful shoulder. Scapular retraction would be an alternative to activate LT muscle. Exercises for lower trapezius (LT) often use overhead positions, causing compressive forces to the subacromial space.
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